This is just as overview of some of the golf rules you will need to get started.

We recommend getting a copy of The Rules of Golf and carrying it with you.

Be sure to mark the position of your ball if you intend to lift and replace it.

Don't bend or break anything fixed or growing on the course in order to improve your swing or stance

If your club strikes the ball more than once in a single stroke, count the stroke and add a penalty stroke.

If you move your ball or it moves after you've addressed it, add a penalty stroke and replace your ball.
No penalties are added if your ball is moved by someone else or another ball.

You may lift your ball to assist another player.
You may have another player lift his ball if it will interfere with your play.

You may move loose impediments unless these objects and your ball lie in or touch the same hazard.
Your ball must be replaced if you move loose impediments within one club length and your ball moves. You also incur a penalty stroke, unless your ball was on the putting green.

If your ball is on an abnormal ground condition such as a puddle , ground under repair or a hole made by a animal, you may drop without penalty. Use one club length of the nearest point of relief that is not nearer to the hole.
If your ball is lost on an abnormal ground condition, take the same relief based on the point where the ball last crossed the margin of the area.
If your ball is in a water hazard you may:
-Play the ball where it lies.
-Take a penalty of one stroke and drop any distance behind the water hazard, directly between the hole and the spot on which the ball last crossed the hazard.
-Replay the shot.

When dropping the ball, stand erect and hold the ball at shoulder length. If a dropped ball rolls into a hazard, out of a hazard, onto a putting green, out of bounds, or into a position of interference, it must be re-dropped. If the re-dropped ball rolls into any of the positions just mentioned, place it where it first struck a part of the course when re-dropped.

Golf Rules on the Putting Green

You may only repair ball marks and old hole plugs on the line of your putt.
You may lift and clean your ball on the putting green if you wish, but you must put it back exactly where you found it.

If your ball strikes the flagstick you must take a penalty.